前路病灶清除钛网植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核伴瘫痪

目的探讨上下段胸椎结核的手术入路和内固定方式,以及一期钛网植骨的早期临床疗效。方法2005年8月至2008年11月对16例胸椎结核伴瘫痪病例采用病灶清除,一期钛网植骨内固定治疗。其中上胸椎结核4例采用经肩胛下胸腔入路单钉棒内固定,下胸椎结核12例经常规胸前入路钉板系统内固定,术前术后正规抗痨治疗,术后带支具早期下床活动。结果16例病人术后随访时间2～24个月,平均8个月。所有病人伤口均一期愈合,无一例结核扩散,后凸角平均纠正20°。所有病例钛网植骨稳定,无明显移位和塌陷,内固定无松动和断裂。术前瘫痪症状基本消失,全部患者恢复正常生活和一般工作。结论经胸前路病灶清除一期钛网植骨内固定,不仅能彻底清除病灶,充分减压脊髓,还能纠正后凸畸形,早期完全重建脊柱稳定性,如配合术前后正规抗痨治疗,能获得满意的治疗效果。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折两种后路术式的疗效比较

目的比较后路两种术式治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效。方法胸腰椎单节段骨折40例,按置钉椎体情况分为传统椎弓根固定组（四钉固定组）和经伤椎椎弓根固定组（六钉固定组）,分别从伤椎前缘压缩比、矢状面Cobb角和冠状面Cobb角方面进行评价。结果两组手术前后的伤椎前缘压缩比、矢状面Cobb角和冠状面Cobb角有明显统计学差异（P〈0.001）,六钉固定组的伤椎前缘压缩比优于四钉固定组（P〈0.001）。结论经伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定可以更好地恢复脊柱生理弯曲及伤椎前缘高度,使骨折块复位,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折安全可靠的方法。     

Livin基因在浅表性膀胱癌中的表达及其与肿瘤复发的关系

目的检测凋亡抑制蛋白Livin在人浅表性膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达,并分析其与肿瘤分期、分级以及复发的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测浅表性膀胱移行细胞癌(TCCB)组织标本中Livin蛋白的表达情况。结果Livin阳性表达率为57.5%,G1级阳性表达率53.8%,G2级阳性表达率59.3%,不同的病理分级组间表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Ta期肿瘤阳性表达率为46.2%,T1期肿瘤阳性表达率为63.0%,不同临床分期组间表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Livin表达与肿瘤是否多发无关。平均随访21.9个月,肿瘤复发率为55%,其中Livin表达阳性组的复发率为73.9%,平均复发时间为14.7个月,Livin表达阴性组复发率为29.4%,平均复发时间为31.58个月,二者之间差异显著(P0.05)。结论Livin在TCCB中高表达,Livin的表达与TCCB分级、分期及是否多发无关,与TCCB复发密切相关。     

前后联合入路治疗严重腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨前后联合入路治疗严重腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年2月至2006年12月收治并获得随访的34例严重腰椎爆裂性骨折患者,男31例,女3例;年龄23～48岁,平均35.4岁.损伤部位:L_1 10例,L_2 14例,L_3 6例,L_4 4例;骨折按AO分型均为A3型;脊髓神经损伤按Frankel分级:A级4例,B级10例,C级14例,D级6例.术前椎体前缘高度丢失37%～71%,平均丢失46.6%±5.1%;后凸Cobb角5°～45°,平均25.5°±3.1°;腰椎管骨块侵入占椎管矢状径百分比为57%～98%,平均72.5%±3.1%.其中采用一期前后路手术19例,分期前后路手术15例. 结果 手术时间3.5～5.0 h,平均4.3 h;术中出血1400～2200 mL,平均1700 mL;输血1000～1600 mL,平均1280mL.术后椎体前缘高度恢复至正常的95%～100%,平均98.6%;后凸Cobb角-11°～9°,平均-2.0°±1.1°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).29例椎管得到彻底减压,无骨折块占位,其余5例椎管侧方仍有少量骨块.所有患者随访11～84个月,平均42.5个月.最后随访时伤椎前缘高度及后凸Cobb无明显丢失,与术后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).无假关节形成,未出现内固定松动、断裂现象.脊髓神经功能除4例A级无变化外,其余均有Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的恢复,最后恢复到C级2例,D级15例,E级13例. 结论 前后联合入路是治疗严重腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法 ,但应严格把握手术适应证.     

微型钛板置入颈椎管成形与单开门椎管扩大治疗脊髓型颈椎病的对比

背景：郑州大学第一附属医院骨科近年开展一项微创微型钛板置入颈椎管成形治疗脊髓型颈椎病,在保留颈椎重要结构的基础上对颈椎病实现脊髓减压。目的：对比分析微创微型钛板置入颈椎管成形与颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形对脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果。方法：将78例脊髓型颈椎病患者随机分成2组,分别采用微创微型钛板置入颈椎管成形与颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形治疗。结果与结论：治疗后随访3—36个月。末次随访患者日本骨科学会（JOA）评分优良率两组差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后轴性症状明显率微创颈椎管成形组明显低于单开门组（P〈0．05）,颈曲指数丢失值微创颈椎管成形组显著低于单开门组（P〈0．05）。微创颈椎管成形组末次随访1例患者2枚钛钉轻微松动,患者无异常症状。单开门组治疗中6例开门时出现铰链侧断裂,将断裂椎板切除,脊髓表面覆盖人工硬脊膜加以保护。结果表明,微创颈椎管成形组与单开门组相比在脊髓功能恢复方面疗效无差别,但治疗后并发症远低于单开门组。     

椎弓根螺钉骨水泥强化修复老年腰椎退变的早期效果

背景：老年腰椎退变患者在手术中常面临椎弓根螺钉把持力不足情况,易发生脱钉、固定不牢靠等风险,如何增加螺钉的把持力成为研究的热点。目的：探讨使用椎弓根螺钉骨水泥强化方案治疗老年腰椎退变的早期临床效果。方法：选择2012年8月至2014年4月收治的患腰椎退行性疾病行腰椎内固定治疗的患者65例,根据修复方案分为2组,椎弓根螺钉内固定骨水泥强化组24例,常规椎弓根螺钉内固定组41例。比较两组患者的一般情况,采用目测类比评分法和日本矫形科学学会腰椎功能评分表对患者腰背疼痛及下肢神经功能恢复情况进行评估。结果与结论：65例患者均完成手术,获得随访,随访时间为3-20个月,随访中均行腰椎正侧位片X射线片,未发现螺钉松动、脱落、断裂、椎间隙高度丢失等情况。椎弓根螺钉内固定骨水泥强化组患者的手术出血量、住院时间与常规椎弓根螺钉内固定组差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,椎弓根螺钉内固定骨水泥强化组术后3,6个月日本矫形科学学会腰椎功能评分及术后3个月的目测类比评分均较常规椎弓根螺钉内固定组显著改善（P 〈0.05）;两组术后6个月的目测类比评分差异无显著性意义（P 〉0.05）。提示将骨水泥沿椎弓根螺钉钉道注入椎弓根及椎体,可达到螺钉骨水泥强化的目的,增加螺钉的把持力,重建腰椎的稳定性,取得了满意的近期疗效。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的手术治疗并发症探讨

目的探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的三种手术方式的疗效以及并发症。方法选择确诊为颈椎后纵韧带骨化症并进行手术治疗的患者168例,随进分为A组(颈后路手术组)、B组(颈前路手术组)、C组(前后路联合手术组)进行临床研究。研究三组疗效以及并发症发生情况。结果 A组手术后颈椎神经功能评分及改善率显著高于B组和C组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。A组患者的总体并发症为15.0%,显著低于B组(18.3%)和C组(45.0%),差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论三种手术方式在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的过程中均不可避免出现一些并发症,但是其中以颈后路手术的临床疗效较好,并发症较少。     

Unique electrophysiologic characteristics of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with different ventriculoatrial block patterns: Effects of slow pathway ablation and insights into the location of the reentrant circuit

BACKGROUND: The electrophysiologic mechanisms of different ventriculoatrial (VA) block patterns during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize AVNRTs with different VA block patterns and to assess the effects of slow pathway ablation. METHODS: Electrophysiologic data from six AVNRT patients with different VA block patterns were reviewed. RESULTS: All AVNRTs were induced after a sudden AH "jump-up" with the earliest retrograde atrial activation at the right superoparaseptum. Different VA block patterns comprised Wenckebach His-atrial (HA) block (n = 4), 2:1 HA block (n = 1), and variable HA conduction times during fixed AVNRT cycle length (CL) (n = 1). Wenckebach HA block during AVNRT was preceded by gradual HA interval prolongation with fixed His-His (HH) interval and unchanged atrial activation sequence. AVNRT with 2:1 HA block was induced after slow pathway ablation for slow-slow AVNRT with 1:1 HA conduction, and earliest atrial activation shifted from right inferoparaseptum to superoparaseptum without change in AVNRT CL. The presence of a lower common pathway was suggested by a longer HA interval during ventricular pacing at AVNRT CL than during AVNRT (n = 5) or Wenckebach HA block during ventricular pacing at AVNRT CL (n = 1). In four patients, HA interval during ventricular pacing at AVNRT CL was unusually long (188 +/- 30 ms). Ablations at the right inferoparaseptum rendered AVNRT noninducible in 5 (83%) of 6 patients. CONCLUSION: Most AVNRTs with different VA block patterns were amenable to classic slow pathway ablation. The reentrant circuit could be contained within a functionally protected region around the AV node and posterior nodal extensions, and different VA block patterns resulted from variable conduction at tissues extrinsic to the reentrant circuit.     

用颈椎骨龄对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者发育情况的评估

目的：用颈椎骨龄来评估单侧完全性唇腭裂（unilateral complete cleft lip and palate ,UCLP）患者的发育情况。方法将45例9～16岁的UCLP患者作为试验组（UCLP组）;另选取年龄、种族与UCLP组相匹配的45例非唇腭裂（none cleft lip and palate,Non?cleft）患者作为对照组（Non?cleft组）。拍摄头颅定位侧位片。通过头颅定位侧位片分别测量计算UCLP组与Non?cleft组的颈椎骨龄。对相同性别的UCLP组与Non?cleft组分别进行独立样本t检验。结果 UCLP组男性患者的颈椎骨龄比Non?cleft组小且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而UCLP组女性患者的颈椎骨龄与Non?cleft组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论与Non?cleft患者相比,9～16岁年龄段男性UCLP患者的发育相对迟缓,而女性患者之间无明显差异。     

Anatomical study of the ideal cortical bone trajectory in the lumbar spine

Background:To explore the ideal trajectory of lumbar cortical bone trajectory screws and provide the optimal placement scheme in clinical applications.Methods:Lumbar computed tomography (CT) data of 40 patients in our hospital were selected, and the cortical vertebral bone contour model was reconstructed in three dimensions (3D). Depending on the different regions of the screw through the entrance and exit of the pedicle, 9 trajectories were obtained through combinational design: T-Aa, T-Ab, T-Ac, T-Ba, T-Bb, T-Bc, T-Ca, T-Cb, and T-Cc. Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws with appropriate diameters were selected to simulate screw placement and measure the parameters corresponding to each trajectory (screw path diameter, screw trajectory length, cephalad angle, and lateral angle), and then determine the optimal screw according to the screw parameters and screw safety. Then, 23 patients in our hospital were selected, and the navigation template was designed based on the ideal trajectory before operation, CBT screws were placed during the operation to further verify the safety and feasibility of the ideal trajectory.Results:T-Bc and T-Bb are the ideal screw trajectories for L1–L2 and L3–L5, respectively. The screw placement point is located at the intersection of the inner 1/3 vertical line of the superior facet joint and the bottom 1/3 horizontal line of the outer crest of the vertebral lamina (i.e., 2–4 mm inward at the bottom 1/3 of the outer crest of the vertebral lamina). CBT screws were successfully placed based on the ideal screw trajectory in clinical practice. During the operation or the follow-up period, there were no adverse events.Conclusion:CBT screw placement based on the ideal screw trajectory is a safe and reliable method for achieving effective fixation and satisfactory postoperative effects.